World Obesity Day
World Health Organization • March 4, 2020
What is World Obesity Day?
Obesity and its root causes
World obesity day encourages practical solutions to help people achieve and maintain a healthy weight, undertake proper treatment, and reverse the obesity crisis.
Obesity rates have nearly tripled since 1975 and have increased almost five times in children and adolescents, affecting people of all ages from all social groups in both developed and developing countries. Obesity is a major risk factors for various noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke, and various forms of cancer.
People with obesity are constantly shamed and blamed because many - including doctors, policymakers, and others - do not fully understand the root causes of obesity, which are often a complex mixture of dietary, lifestyle, genetic, psychological, sociocultural, economic and environmental factors. It is time we break the cycle of shame and blame and reevaluate our approach for addressing this complex global public health problem.
Together we can make a difference. There is a lot we can do, including restricting the marketing to children of food and drinks high in fats, sugar and salt; taxing sugary drinks, and providing better access to affordable, healthy food. In our cities and towns, we need to make space for safe walking, cycling, and recreation. We must teach our children healthy habits from early on.
WHO is responding to the global obesity crisis on many fronts, including monitoring global trends and prevalence, the development of a broad range of guidance addressing the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity, and providing implementation support and guidance such as the Report of the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity.
Key Facts!
Worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975.
In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults, 18 years and older, were overweight. Of these over 650 million were obese.
39% of adults aged 18 years and over were overweight in 2016, and 13% were obese.
Most of the world's population live in countries where overweight and obesity kills more people than underweight.
40 million children under the age of 5 were overweight or obese in 2018.
Over 340 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 were overweight or obese in 2016.
Obesity is preventable.
What are obesity and overweight
Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health.
Body mass index (BMI) is a simple index of weight-for-height that is commonly used to classify overweight and obesity in adults. It is defined as a person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of his height in meters (kg/m2).
Adults
For adults, WHO defines overweight and obesity as follows:
overweight is a BMI greater than or equal to 25; and
obesity is a BMI greater than or equal to 30.
BMI provides the most useful population-level measure of overweight and obesity as it is the same for both sexes and for all ages of adults. However, it should be considered a rough guide because it may not correspond to the same degree of fatness in different individuals.
For children, age needs to be considered when defining overweight and obesity.
Children under 5 years of age
For children under 5 years of age:
Overweight is weight-for-height greater than 2 standard deviations above WHO Child Growth Standards median; and
obesity is weight-for-height greater than 3 standard deviations above the WHO Child Growth Standards median.
Charts and tables: WHO child growth standards for children aged under 5 years
Children aged between 5–19 years
Overweight and obesity are defined as follows for children aged between 5–19 years:
Overweight is BMI-for-age greater than 1 standard deviation above the WHO Growth Reference median; and
obesity is greater than 2 standard deviations above the WHO Growth Reference median.
Charts and tables: WHO growth reference for children aged between 5–19 years
Facts about overweight and obesity
Some recent WHO global estimates follow.
In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults aged 18 years and older were overweight. Of these over 650 million adults were obese.
In 2016, 39% of adults aged 18 years and over (39% of men and 40% of women) were overweight.
Overall, about 13% of the world’s adult population (11% of men and 15% of women) were obese in 2016.
The worldwide prevalence of obesity nearly tripled between 1975 and 2016.
In 2018, an estimated 40 million children under the age of 5 years were overweight or obese. Once considered a high-income country problem, overweight and obesity are now on the rise in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in urban settings. In Africa, the number of overweight children under 5 has increased by nearly 50 per cent since 2000. Nearly half of the children under 5 who were overweight or obese in 2018 lived in Asia.
Over 340 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 were overweight or obese in 2016.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 5-19 has risen dramatically from just 4% in 1975 to just over 18% in 2016. The rise has occurred similarly among both boys and girls: in 2016 18% of girls and 19% of boys were overweight.
While just under 1% of children and adolescents aged 5-19 were obese in 1975, more 124 million children and adolescents (6% of girls and 8% of boys) were obese in 2016.
Overweight and obesity are linked to more deaths worldwide than underweight. Globally there are more people who are obese than underweight – this occurs in every region except parts of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.
What causes obesity and overweight?
The fundamental cause of obesity and overweight is an energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended. Globally, there has been:
an increased intake of energy-dense foods that are high in fat and sugars; and
an increase in physical inactivity due to the increasingly sedentary nature of many forms of work, changing modes of transportation, and increasing urbanization.
Changes in dietary and physical activity patterns are often the result of environmental and societal changes associated with development and lack of supportive policies in sectors such as health, agriculture, transport, urban planning, environment, food processing, distribution, marketing, and education.
What are common health consequences of overweight and obesity?
Raised BMI is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as:
cardiovascular diseases (mainly heart disease and stroke), which were the leading cause of death in 2012;
diabetes;
musculoskeletal disorders (especially osteoarthritis – a highly disabling degenerative disease of the joints);
some cancers (including endometrial, breast, ovarian, prostate, liver, gallbladder, kidney, and colon).
The risk for these noncommunicable diseases increases, with increases in BMI.
Childhood obesity is associated with a higher chance of obesity, premature death and disability in adulthood. But in addition to increased future risks, obese children experience breathing difficulties, increased risk of fractures, hypertension, early markers of cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and psychological effects.
Facing a double burden of malnutrition
Many low- and middle-income countries are now facing a "double burden" of malnutrition.
While these countries continue to deal with the problems of infectious diseases and undernutrition, they are also experiencing a rapid upsurge in noncommunicable disease risk factors such as obesity and overweight, particularly in urban settings.
It is not uncommon to find undernutrition and obesity co-existing within the same country, the same community and the same household.
Children in low- and middle-income countries are more vulnerable to inadequate pre-natal, infant, and young child nutrition. At the same time, these children are exposed to high-fat, high-sugar, high-salt, energy-dense, and micronutrient-poor foods, which tend to be lower in cost but also lower in nutrient quality. These dietary patterns, in conjunction with lower levels of physical activity, result in sharp increases in childhood obesity while undernutrition issues remain unsolved.
How can overweight and obesity be reduced?
Overweight and obesity, as well as their related noncommunicable diseases, are largely preventable. Supportive environments and communities are fundamental in shaping people’s choices, by making the choice of healthier foods and regular physical activity the easiest choice (the choice that is the most accessible, available and affordable), and therefore preventing overweight and obesity.
At the individual level, people can:
limit energy intake from total fats and sugars;
increase consumption of fruit and vegetables, as well as legumes, whole grains and nuts; and
engage in regular physical activity (60 minutes a day for children and 150 minutes spread through the week for adults).
Individual responsibility can only have its full effect where people have access to a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, at the societal level it is important to support individuals in following the recommendations above, through sustained implementation of evidence based and population based policies that make regular physical activity and healthier dietary choices available, affordable and easily accessible to everyone, particularly to the poorest individuals. An example of such a policy is a tax on sugar sweetened beverages.
The food industry can play a significant role in promoting healthy diets by:
reducing the fat, sugar and salt content of processed foods;
ensuring that healthy and nutritious choices are available and affordable to all consumers;
restricting marketing of foods high in sugars, salt and fats, especially those foods aimed at children and teenagers; and
ensuring the availability of healthy food choices and supporting regular physical activity practice in the workplace.
WHO response
Adopted by the World Health Assembly in 2004 and recognized again in a 2011 political declaration on noncommunicable disease (NCDs), the "WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health" describes the actions needed to support healthy diets and regular physical activity. The Strategy calls upon all stakeholders to take action at global, regional and local levels to improve diets and physical activity patterns at the population level.
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development recognizes NCDs as a major challenge for sustainable development. As part of the Agenda, Heads of State and Government committed to develop ambitious national responses, by 2030, to reduce by one-third premature mortality from NCDs through prevention and treatment (SDG target 3.4).
The "Global action plan on physical activity 2018–2030: more active people for a healthier world" provides effective and feasible policy actions to increase physical activity globally. WHO published ACTIVE a technical package to assist countries in planning and delivery of their responses. New WHO guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep in children under five years of age were launched in 2019.
The World Health Assembly welcomed the report of the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity (2016) and its 6 recommendations to address the obesogenic environment and critical periods in the life course to tackle childhood obesity. The implementation plan to guide countries in taking action to implement the recommendations of the Commission was welcomed by the World Health Assembly in 2017.
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When it comes to tackling the signs of aging, Botox has long been a go-to solution for smoothing out facial lines. Now, with FDA clearance for treatment of the neck, Botox offers a new way to address those pesky neck wrinkles that can add years to your appearance. If you're seeking an effective, non-surgical way to rejuvenate your neck, read on to discover how Botox can help you achieve a more youthful look.
In the ever-evolving world of aesthetics, maintaining a youthful appearance has become more accessible thanks to injectables like Botox and Dysport. Whether you’re starting to see those fine lines in the mirror or noticing frown lines in photographs, understanding your options can empower you to make the best choice for your skincare routine. Let’s dive into the differences between Botox and Dysport to help you decide which one might be right for you. Understanding the Basics of Botox and Dysport Botox and Dysport are both derived from botulinum toxin, a naturally occurring neurotoxic protein. When used in controlled, small amounts, this protein can temporarily paralyze facial muscles, effectively smoothing out wrinkles and fine lines. These injectables have garnered widespread popularity in the cosmetic industry for their ability to deliver youthful, rejuvenated skin. However, they are also utilized in treating various medical conditions such as chronic migraines, excessive sweating, and muscle spasms. Despite their common origin, Botox and Dysport are not identical. One of the key differences lies in their molecular structure, which influences their spread and efficacy. Dysport’s smaller molecules allow it to diffuse more easily, potentially covering a larger area with fewer injections. This characteristic can be particularly advantageous for treating broader areas like the forehead. Botox, with its slightly larger molecular size, is often preferred for more targeted treatments, such as small, localized wrinkles. Another critical aspect to consider is the onset of action. Some individuals may notice Dysport's effects sooner than Botox, making it a preferable option for those seeking quick results. However, both treatments reach their peak effectiveness at about two weeks post-injection. Understanding these fundamental differences between Botox and Dysport can help you make a more informed decision about which injectable might be best suited to your specific needs and aesthetic goals. The Science Behind Botox and Dysport Both Botox and Dysport work by disrupting the communication between nerves and muscles through the action of botulinum toxin type A. This neurotoxin inhibits the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter responsible for triggering muscle contractions. By blocking this signal, the muscles relax, leading to a smoother appearance of the skin above. Despite sharing this fundamental mechanism, Botox and Dysport are formulated with distinct trace proteins, which can impact how they diffuse through the tissue. Dysport has smaller molecules, allowing it to spread more easily over larger areas. This characteristic can be beneficial for treating extensive regions, such as the forehead. Conversely, Botox's slightly larger molecules make it better suited for more localized applications. The unique compositions of these injectables also affect the onset of their effects. Dysport tends to show results more quickly, often within 2-3 days, while Botox usually takes about a week for noticeable changes. Additionally, the duration of the effects from both injectables is typically similar, lasting around 3-4 months. Understanding these molecular differences helps explain why certain treatments may be more effective for specific types of wrinkles or facial areas. Whether you choose Botox or Dysport, the science behind these products ensures that both offer effective solutions for minimizing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Areas of Effectiveness for Botox and Dysport When it comes to addressing specific facial concerns, Botox and Dysport each have their unique strengths. Botox is celebrated for its versatility, effectively treating a range of wrinkles such as crow’s feet, forehead lines, and laugh lines. This makes it a go-to option for those looking to address multiple areas of the face in a single session. Dysport, on the other hand, has carved out its niche primarily for glabellar lines—the vertical frown lines between the eyebrows. This makes it particularly effective for individuals who have moderate to severe frown lines that can create a perpetually tired or angry appearance. Its ability to spread more easily over larger areas can also make it a favorable option for broader regions of the face, even though its official approval is more targeted. It's essential to consult with a skilled practitioner who can tailor the treatment to your specific needs. Your unique facial anatomy, muscle strength, and aesthetic goals will influence whether Botox or Dysport is the more suitable option for you. Both injectables offer robust solutions, but their areas of effectiveness can vary, making personalized consultation invaluable. Onset of Results: How Quickly Do They Work? When considering the speed of results for Botox and Dysport, it’s important to recognize the subtle differences in how each injectable performs. Many people turn to Dysport for its rapid onset, with noticeable improvements often appearing within just 2-3 days post-treatment. This can be particularly appealing for those seeking swift changes before an important event or occasion. On the other hand, Botox typically takes a bit longer to show its effects, with most users observing changes around the one-week mark. Despite this slight delay, both injectables generally achieve their full results at approximately two weeks after injection. This timeline ensures that, regardless of your choice, you can expect a refreshed and rejuvenated appearance within a similar period. The quick onset of Dysport can be attributed to its molecular structure, which allows for faster diffusion through the treated area. This makes it a preferred option for those who are looking for immediate improvements. However, the initial wait for Botox's results should not be seen as a disadvantage, as its proven efficacy remains a strong draw for many. Ultimately, the decision between Botox and Dysport may come down to your personal preference for how quickly you wish to see changes. Whether you’re looking for the fast-acting effects of Dysport or are comfortable with the slightly longer onset of Botox, both options provide reliable solutions for achieving smoother, younger-looking skin. Duration of Effects: How Long Do They Last? The longevity of results is a key factor when considering Botox and Dysport for your aesthetic treatments. Typically, the effects of both injectables last between 3 to 4 months, though individual results can vary based on factors such as metabolism, muscle activity, and the specific areas treated. Some individuals may find that their results from Dysport appear quicker but fade slightly sooner, whereas Botox might take a bit longer to show but maintain its effects for the full duration. Regular maintenance treatments are essential for sustaining the desired appearance. This allows for the consistent management of fine lines and wrinkles, ensuring that the youthful look achieved through these injectables is preserved over time. It's also worth noting that the longevity of effects can improve with repeated treatments, as the muscles may become more accustomed to relaxing. Understanding the duration of these treatments helps in planning your appointments effectively. Whether you opt for Botox or Dysport, knowing how long you can expect the results to last will enable you to schedule follow-up sessions accordingly, maintaining a smooth, youthful appearance with minimal interruption to your routine. Dosage and Potency Differences Between Botox and Dysport When it comes to the dosage and potency of Botox versus Dysport, one of the key distinctions lies in their unit measurements. Botox is approximately three times as potent as Dysport on a per-unit basis. This difference doesn’t mean that Botox is inherently more effective, but it does influence the way these treatments are administered. With Botox's higher potency, fewer units are generally needed to achieve the desired effect. In contrast, more units of Dysport may be required to deliver similar results. This unit variance means that practitioners need to adjust their techniques based on the specific injectable being used. However, the cost per unit of Dysport is typically lower than that of Botox. Despite requiring more units, the overall cost for treatments with either injectable tends to balance out. This means that financial considerations between the two are often comparable, allowing patients to make their choice based on other factors like onset of results, specific treatment areas, and personal preferences. Understanding the differences in dosage and potency is crucial for setting realistic expectations. The way Botox and Dysport are formulated impacts not only the amount used but also how they interact with your facial muscles. Experienced injectors will know how to tailor the dosage to suit your unique facial anatomy and aesthetic goals, ensuring that you achieve a natural, rejuvenated look. Your specific needs, such as the area of treatment and the severity of wrinkles, will also play a role in determining the appropriate dosage. Consulting with a qualified practitioner is essential to navigate these nuances effectively, optimizing your treatment experience with either Botox or Dysport. Cost Comparison: What to Expect When considering the cost of Botox versus Dysport, it’s important to understand that while a single unit of Dysport is generally less expensive than a unit of Botox, more Dysport units are typically needed to achieve the same effect. This dosage discrepancy often balances out the overall treatment cost, making the financial outlay for both options quite similar. The number of units required for effective treatment can vary based on the specific area being targeted and the severity of the wrinkles. For instance, treating crow’s feet or forehead lines may require different quantities of each product to achieve the desired results. This variability emphasizes the need for a personalized approach when planning your treatment. In addition to the per-unit cost, other factors like the injector’s expertise, geographic location, and clinic reputation can also influence the overall expense. Choosing a skilled practitioner is essential for maximizing the value of your investment, as their experience can significantly impact the quality of your results. Moreover, some clinics offer package deals or loyalty programs, which can make regular maintenance treatments more affordable. Discuss these options during your consultation to fully understand the cost structure and any potential savings. Ultimately, the best approach to cost comparison is to focus on the value provided by achieving your desired aesthetic outcome, rather than the price per unit alone. Individual Variability: Personal Responses to Treatments Individual variability plays a significant role in how Botox and Dysport perform. Each person’s skin type, muscle structure, and metabolic rate can influence the effectiveness and duration of these injectables. Some individuals may find that Dysport works faster for them, providing noticeable improvements in just a few days, while others might prefer the steady onset of Botox. Additionally, factors like lifestyle habits, skincare routines, and even diet can impact how well these treatments hold up over time. If you've previously used Botox and are curious about Dysport, it's worth noting that trying a different product can sometimes yield better or quicker results. Your body's unique response to the different formulations could mean that one is more suitable for your aesthetic goals than the other. Because of this inherent variability, it's crucial to have a detailed consultation with a skilled practitioner who can assess your individual needs and recommend the most effective treatment plan. Consultation: Choosing the Right Injectable for You Choosing between Botox and Dysport is a decision best made with the guidance of a qualified md injector. To help navigate which toxin best serves your needs, Dr. Gina Mantor, a Double-board certified Physician and Master Injector, provides complimentary consultations and personalized treatment plans. A thorough consultation can help tailor the treatment to your unique facial anatomy, aesthetic goals, and lifestyle considerations. During your consultation, Dr. Mantor will assess your skin, discuss your medical history, and understand your previous experiences with injectables if any. A critical part of this consultation is setting realistic expectations. Both Botox and Dysport have their distinct advantages, but their effectiveness can vary based on individual factors such as muscle strength, skin type, and metabolic rate. By understanding your specific needs, Dr. Mantor can recommend the most appropriate option for you! The consultation also provides an opportunity to address any questions or concerns you may have about the procedure, recovery time, and potential side effects. This transparency ensures that you are well-informed and comfortable with your decision. Additionally, we will cover cost implications, helping you understand the overall investment required for maintaining your desired look. Personalized treatment plans are essential for achieving optimal results. Whether you’re looking to smooth out frown lines, crow’s feet, or forehead wrinkles, the expertise of a professional injector can make a significant difference in the outcome. By taking the time to evaluate your individual circumstances, the injector can create a customized approach that enhances your natural beauty while aligning with your aesthetic goals. Ready to explore your options? Schedule your consultation to start your journey towards a more youthful, refreshed appearance. Call 614.891.2000 or schedule with us 24/7 online! Since 2008 Dr. Mantor’s Wrinkle and Weight Solutions, LLC 6982 Worthington Road Westerville, OH 43082
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